Hypomagnesemia

Introduction:

Hypomagnesemia is a lower-than-normal magnesium level in the blood. Low serum
levels of magnesium can be due to lack of sufficient intake or absorption (malnutri-
tion, vomiting, diarrhea, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease), excess excretion of mag-
nesium (renal loss, chronic alcohol intake, diuretic use, aminoglycoside antibiotics,
antineoplastics), or intracellular movement of magnesium (ascites, hyperglycemia,
insulin administration). The cell membranes become more excitable in the setting of
low magnesium levels. Patients may also have associated imbalances of potassium
and calcium.

PROGNOSIS
Correction of the magnesium level is necessary to return normal electrolyte bal-
ance to the patient. Correction or management of the underlying condition may be
necessary to correct the magnesium level. Nerve impulse transmission is increased
in patients with hypomagnesemia. As the magnesium level drops, the patient may
develop seizures or cardiac arrhythmias.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Painful paresthesia (numbness and tingling)
• Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes—using a reflex hammer, strike tendon
at specific site to elicit response (patellar tendon, Achilles tendon, brachio-
radialis, bicep, or tricep)
• Muscle twitching
• Seizures due to irritability of nervous tissue in brain
• Confusion due to Central Nervous System (CNS) irritability
• Headaches
• Mood changes or irritability
• Decreased appetite, nausea, and constipation due to decreased gastrointestinal
motility
• Decreased bowel sounds and abdominal distention
• Arrhythmia, ectopic beats, ventricular arrhythmias
• Contraction of facial muscle after tapping facial nerve anterior to ear
(Chvostek’s sign) due to increased excitation of nerve and muscle cells if
concurrent hypocalcemia
• Carpal spasm after inflation of blood pressure cuff to upper arm—occludes
brachial artery and applies pressure to nerves (Trousseau’s sign) if concurrent
hypocalcemia

TREATMENT
• Administer magnesium sulfate intravenously to increase levels.
• Monitor deep tendon reflexes.
• Monitor cardiac rhythm.
• Increase magnesium in the patient’s diet.
• May need to correct calcium and potassium concurrently.

NURSING DIAGNOSES
• Impaired gas exchange
• Risk for injury
• Decreased cardiac output

NURSING INTERVENTION
• Monitor intake and output.
• Monitor vital signs for changes.
• Monitor cardiovascular status for changes in heart rhythm, pulse deficit.
• Explain to the patient:
• Eat whole grains, legumes, fish, and dark green leafy vegetables that are
high in magnesium.
• No laxatives. Bookmark and Share

7 comments:

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  2. Am Richard, I am here to testify about a great herbalist  man who cured my wife of breast cancer. His name is Dr Imoloa. My wife went through this pain for 3 years, i almost spent all i had, until i saw some testimonies online on how Dr. Imoloa cure them from their diseases, immediately i contacted him through. then he told me the necessary things to do before he will send  the herbal medicine. Wish he did through DHL courier service, And he instructed us on how to apply or drink the medicine for good two weeks. and to greatest surprise before the upper third week my wife was relief from all the pains, Believe me, that was how my wife was cured from breast cancer by this great man. He also have powerful herbal medicine to cure diseases like: Alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, vaginal cancer, epilepsy Anxiety Disorders, Autoimmune Disease, Back Pain, Back Sprain, Bipolar Disorder, Brain Tumor, Malignant, Bruxism, Bulimia, Cervical Disc Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Neoplasms , chronic respiratory disease, mental and behavioral disorder, Cystic Fibrosis, Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Autoimmune inflammatory media arthritis ed. chronic kidney disease, inflammatory joint disease, impotence, alcohol spectrum feta, dysthymic disorder, eczema, tuberculosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus disease, mouth ulcer, mouth cancer, body pain, fever, hepatitis ABC, syphilis, diarrhea, HIV / AIDS, Huntington's disease, back acne, chronic kidney failure, addison's disease, chronic pain, Crohn's pain, cystic fibrosis, fibromyalgia, inflammatory Bowel disease, fungal nail disease, Lyme disease, Celia disease, Lymphoma, Major depression, Malignant melanoma, Mania, Melorheostosis, Meniere's disease, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Multiple sclerosis, Muscular dystrophy, Rheumatoid arthritis. You can reach him Email Via drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com / whatsapp +2347081986098

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