Peritonitis

Introduction:

Peritonitis is an acute inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the lining of the
abdominal cavity. Peritonitis may be primary or secondary to another disease
process. It typically occurs due to bacterial presence within the peritoneal space.
The bacteria may have passed from the gastrointestinal tract or the rupture of an
organ within the abdomen or pelvis. After the introduction of the bacteria into the
abdominal area, an inflammatory reaction occurs.

PROGNOSIS

It is a life-threatening disease process. Patients may develop septicemia from the
bacteria within the abdomen that enter the bloodstream.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Fever
• Tachycardia
• Abdominal distention
• Abdominal pain—may be localized or generalized
• Rebound pain (pain when quickly removing pressure during palpation of
abdomen)
• Rigid abdomen
• Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
• Decreased bowel sounds
• Decreased urine output

TREATMENT
• Intravenous fluids.
• Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• Surgical intervention may be necessary to correct cause of peritonitis.
• Pain management postoperatively.

NURSING DIAGNOSES

• Acute pain
• Impaired tissue integrity
• Impaired skin integrity

NURSING INTERVENTION
• Weigh daily.
• Monitor vital signs.
• Monitor intake and output.
• NPO to avoid irritation of intestinal tract, further stress on abdominal organs
• Position for comfort, head of bed elevated.
• Assess for return of bowel sounds postoperatively.
• Teach patient about home care:
• Pain management.
• Wound care, drains, etc.
• Monitor for signs of infection. Bookmark and Share

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